Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is seen especially among older people. Sometimes it is called degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis.Osteoporosis occurs when the struts which make up the mesh-like structure within bones become thin, causing bones to become fragile and break easily, often following a minor bump or fall. These broken bones are often referred to as fragility fractures. The terms ‘fractures’ and ‘broken bones’ mean the same thing. Although fractures can occur in different parts of the body, the wrists, hips and spine are most commonly affected.
Osteoarthritis mostly affects cartilage, the hard but slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones where they meet to form a joint. Healthy cartilage allows bones to glide over one another. It also absorbs energy from the shock of physical movement. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of cartilage breaks and wears away. This allows bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling, and loss of motion of the joint. Over time, the joint may lose its normal shape. Also, small deposits of bone—called osteophytes or bone spurs—may grow on the edges of the joint. Bits of bone or cartilage can break off and float inside the joint space. This causes more pain and damage.
Causes of Osteoarthritis:
- Heredity
- Overweight
- Joint injury
- Repeated overuse of certain joints
- Lack of physical activity
- Nerve injury
- Aging